Grain production has steadily increased during the last decade in the Southern Cone, with Brazil and Argentina leading the way. Higher yields accounted for approximately three-fourths of the increase in oilseed production and most of the increase in cereals. These increases are partially attributed to higher fertilizer consumption. For example, fertilizer consumption in Argentina increased five-fold between 1991 and 1996. However, nutrient budgets in the area are still negative, and unbalanced crop nutrition has resulted in the depletion of native soil fertility.
IPNI, Latin America-Southern Cone, is developing research programs on balanced fertilization, especially for soybeans, the main annual crop of the Pampean region of Argentina, in collaboration with the National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), universities, and farmer organizations. More than 8 million ha will be planted to soybeans in this region in 1999/2000. Results of 1998 soybean field experiments have been presented and discussed at a symposium that attracted more than 300 agronomists. Educational programs have also emphasized balanced fertilization as well as soil testing and fertilizer management through publications such as Informaciones Agronomicas, training sessions, and field meetings.
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