Rice occupies about 80% of annual cropped area in Assam. The total production is around 2.6 million tonnes, with an average yield of 1.4 t/ha. Next to rice, rapeseed occupies an important position and covers about 8% of the gross cropped area. Low fertilizer use, particularly P and K, is the major reason for low yield of both the crops in Assam. Inadequate P and K use is also causing severe nutrient mining from the soils of the state. The current study is undertaken to develop effective nutrient management programme for rice and rapeseed, keeping in mind the nutrient mining and soil health aspects.