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Interpretive Summaries:
2007 - Maximizing Crop Yield Through Site Specific Nutrient Management in Uttar Pradesh
2006 - Maximizing Crop Yield Through Site Specific Nutrient Management in Uttar Pradesh
2005 - Assessment of P and K Requirements for Maximum Economic Yield of Major Crops of the Central Plain Zone of Uttar Pradesh
Assessment of P and K Requirements for Maximum Economic Yield of Major Crops of the Central Plain Zone of Uttar Pradesh, 2005
Uttar Pradesh is likely the most agriculturally important state in India, with net cropped area of 17.6 M ha and cropping intensity of 152%. Major soils of the state are alluvial and saline sodic in the Gangetic plain and residual soils (developed directly from weathering of rock below) in the Bundelkhand region. About 78% of the land area is in crops, with farmers applying nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), and to some extent zinc (Zn). Deficiencies of potassium (K) and other nutrients are spreading. This research project was initiated to: 1) determine the optimum NPK ratio for maximum yields of potato, wheat, green gram, and black gram; 2) assess the impact of optimum nutrient ratios on nutrient use efficiency; and 3) determine the economics of each option.
For potato, a maximum tuber yield of 39 t/ha was recorded with 150-112-150 kg N-P2O5-K2O/ha, while the state recommendation (SR) of 150-75-75 kg/ha produced inferior (-34%) yields. This increased returns by US$748/ha over SR. Omission of P caused a 19% decline in yield, and K omission caused a 20% decline. The balanced fertilization ratio was 2:1.25:2 for N:P:K, indicating that current SR is sub-optimal for high yield. For wheat, a treatment of 150-90-90-40 kg N-P2O5-K2O-sulfur (S)/ha + 25 kg Zn/ha increased yield over farmer practice (FP) of applying 150-50 kg N-P2O5 by 2.2 t/ha. The treatment omitting P produced 4.3 t/ha, while the K omission treatment produced 4.4 t/ha. An alternative treatment of 150-90-90 kg/ha + 5 t farmyard manure (FYM)/ha produced 1.9 t/ha more than FP. Omission of S reduced yield by 0.8 t/ha, while omission of Zn curtailed yield by 0.44 t/ha. Net return from the optimum treatment was US$370/ha over FP.
In green gram, a maximum seed yield of 1,050 kg/ha was recorded with 22.5-60-60-20 kg/ha + 15 kg Zn/ha + 5 kg B/ha. However, this was followed closely by the treatment with all nutrients except Zn. These yields were 154% more than the control, 107% more than the SR, and 108% more than the state soil testing lab's recommendation (STR). Increasing the starter rate from 15 kg N/ha to 22 kg N/ha produced 27% additional yield. Net return was maximized at US$197/ha. In black gram, a maximum economic seed yield of 1,254 kg/ha was found using 22-60-60-20 kg/ha + 15 kg Zn/ha + 5 kg B/ha. The yields obtained under the SR and STR were 972 kg/ha and 894 kg/ha, respectively. Yields respond linearly to increases in K rate. Omission of K reduced the yield by 14%. Omission of P reduced yield by 20%. The highest net return of US$214/ha was recorded with maximum economic yield, while a minimum return of US$47/ha was obtained by omitting P and K. NWZ India-69
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